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BBG 20: Verbal Roots and Other Forms of the Future

Tue, 14 Feb 2012 08:00:00 GMT

ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγε “χαῖρετε μαθηταί” καἱ οἱ μαθηταί λέγουσι “χαῖρε διδάσκαλε”

Review and Addenda

Review of English Verb: appendix p. 351
Download Verb Paradigms Chart
See Smyth on Present System of Verb
See Smyth on Contract Verbs
See Smyth on Verb Voices
Review Quiz on chapter 18
Review Workbook exercise 19

Review of Future Active and Middle

Koine Greek has 7 Tenses: Present, Imperfect, Future, Aorist, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect
- The last 2, Pluperfect (Past Perfect) and Future Perfect, are rare
- You have learned the Present, now we are learning the Future.
- The seven tense are not the same as the 6 Principal Parts (19.4,5), which are Present Active, Future Active, Aorist Active, Perfect Active, Perfect Middle/Passive, Aorist Passive

BBG 19: Future Indicative Active and Middle

Tue, 07 Feb 2012 08:00:00 GMT

ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγε “χαῖρετε μαθηταί” καἱ οἱ μαθηταί λέγουσι “χαῖρε διδάσκαλε”

Review and Addenda

Review of English Verb: 19.2, and appendix p. 351
Download Verb Paradigms Chart
See Smyth on Present System of Verb
See Smyth on Contract Verbs
Remember what you give when you parse noun or adjective or pronoun, vs. what you give when you parse a verb
Review Quiz on chapter 17
Review Workbook exercise 18

Review of Present Indicative Middle and Passive

Voice describes relationship between the verb and the subject:
- Active – Subject does the action, e.g. “I hit the ball”
- Passive – Subject receives the action, e.g. “I was hit by the ball” (agency, “by” often clues you in to the Passive voice)
  - English uses “helping verbs” to indicate the Passive Voice, e.g. I am being taught
  - In Greek the agent in a passive verb is expressed by either ὑπό + the genitive, e.g. ὑπ’ Ἄνδρέου “by Andrew” (18.10)
  - or simple Instrumental Dative, e.g. λογῷ τοῦ θεοῦ “by the Word of God”
- Middle – Subject does the action, and the action somehow returns to the subject, e.g. “I hit the ball (to myself)”

BBG 18: Present Indicative Middle and Passive

Tue, 31 Jan 2012 08:00:00 GMT

ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγε “χαῖρετε μαθηταί” καἱ οἱ μαθηταί λέγουσι “χαῖρε διδάσκαλε”

Review and Addenda

Download Verb Paradigms Chart
See Smyth on Present System of Verb
See Smyth on Contract Verbs
Review Quiz on chapter 16
Review Workbook exercise 17

Review of Contract Verbs

DEFINITION: Contract verbs are verbs which have stems ending in α, ε, or ο (alpha, epsilon and omicron), e.g. ἀγαπάω
The final vowel of the verb stem (α, ε, or ο) is called the Contract Vowel and combines with with the connecting vowel and contracts to from a vowel or diphthong
Contract verbs are categorized by the three stem vowels (α, ε, or ο), and in each category the forms are consistent
Contraction occurs only in 2 tenses: The Present and the Imperfect (chapter 21), both of which are built on the Present Tense Stem

BBG 17: Contract Verbs

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 08:00:00 GMT

ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγε “χαῖρετε μαθηταί” καἱ οἱ μαθηταί λέγουσι “χαῖρε διδάσκαλε”

Review and Addenda

Download Verb Paradigms Chart
Review Quiz on chapter 15
Review Workbook exercise 16

Review of Present Indicative Active

Action usually occurs in present time, from the point of view of the speaker or writer (16.14)
Aspect is either Simple (Undefined) or Continuous (Imperfective) (16.13)
The Active voice indicates that the subject is performing the action of the verb
The Indicative mood states a fact or asks a question. The relationship of the verb to reality is that of actuality, as opposed to wish, desire, probability, command.

BBG 16: Present Indicative Active

Tue, 17 Jan 2012 08:00:00 GMT

ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγε “χαῖρετε μαθηταί” καἱ οἱ μαθηταί λέγουσι “χαῖρε διδάσκαλε”

Review and Addenda

Download Verb Paradigms Chart
Verbs describe an action or a state of being (15.2)
Verbs have Person, Number, Tense, Voice and Mood
- parse in this order, along with Lexical Form and Inflected Meaning (7 elements in a parsed verb)
- Greek verbs do not have case.
- Person: 1st (person speaking), 2nd (person spoken to) or 3rd (person or thing spoken about)
  - Since Greek verbs have person implicit in the personal endings, the subject does not have to be explicitly expressed. e.g. “διδάσκω” is a complete sentence.
- Number: Singular or Plural (15.14, 16)
- Tense: Present, Imperfect, Future, Aorist, Perfect and Pluperfect (includes both Time and Aspect – more on this below) (15.16)
- Voice (15.11,18): Active, Middle, Passive – relationship between the verb and the subject, e.g. the subject did the action (Active), or the action was done to the subject (Passive), or the action somehow returned to the subject (Middle)
- Mood: the relationship between the verb and reality, e.g. is it a statement of fact, something probable, something desired, a command, etc., or you could say, “something that is” “something that may be” etc. (15.11)

Sturtevant Study Sheets

Wed, 19 Oct 2011 17:16:14 GMT

Lord's Prayer

Sat, 10 Sep 2011 22:39:54 GMT

The Lord’s Prayer
Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς·
ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου· ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου· γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου, ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς·
τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον·
καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν·
καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν, ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία καὶ ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δοξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
ἀμήν.

Institute of Biblical Greek

Sat, 21 Mar 2009 16:24:53 GMT

Enclitics and the Rules of Accent

Sat, 05 Nov 2011 07:00:00 GMT

This question has been raised:

“On #8 in parsing on the worksheet for chapter ten, the “τινες” has no accent.
We can’t figure out how we ought to parse it, since both of the identical words in the book have accents [one on the penult, one on the ultima.]"

The confusion has to do with the nature of enclitics, as they relate to the rules of accent.

The indefinite pronoun, (τις, τι) is enclitic (throws its accent back), like most forms of εἰμι (BBG 8.12).

The Importance of Biblical Languages

Wed, 15 Aug 2007 13:28:38 GMT

An excerpt from: “To the Councilmen of All Cities in Germany That They Establish and Maintain Christian Schools” (1524) by Dr. Martin Luther

“All right,” you say again, "suppose we do have schools; what is the use of teaching Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and the other liberal arts?